European Standard U-Section Steel Sheet Piles include SPU18-1, SPU22-1, SPU28, and SPU32 profiles. The maximum expected load-bearing capacity of an SPU18-1 ladder is specified. Precast modular walls should be sized to ensure that the required minimum safety factors for sliding and overturning are met, and that the eccentricity of the base reaction does not exceed the maximum permissible value. Note that the skin friction on the back of an SPU22-1 retaining wall may reverse! You should also be aware of the difference in assumed skin friction, depending on whether the wall is cast in place on rough SPU28 soil or on smooth concrete forms. These requirements apply to each layer of a layered wall. Furthermore, the minimum safety factor for the foundation bearing capacity and the overall stability requirements specified in Section 5.2.2.3 must be met.

Sheet Piles SPU16, SPU20, and SPU25: A ladder safety inspection procedure should be established, and a qualified person should be designated to conduct such inspections. The collapse of this MBU wall was likely caused by a lack of adequate subsurface drainage beneath the landscaped courtyard. Other possible causes include grade creep and corrosion of the main wall reinforcement.

The minimum embedment depth at the base of the SPU32 precast modular wall should be based on bearing capacity, settlement, and stability requirements, and should take into account the effects of frost heave, scour, proximity to the SPU16 slope, erosion, and potential future excavation in front of the wall. Ladders with broken or missing steps or steps, broken or fractured side rails, or other damage should be immediately removed from service, marked "out of service," and removed from the work area before the end of the shift. 8. Ladders must not be coated with opaque materials other than the SPU25 identification marking.

Specifications