The bearing capacity of LS Series steel sheet pile bored piers is determined by surface friction, unless the borehole is through soft, compressible material. Traffic surcharge loads should be considered in determining external stability according to the criteria outlined in Section 5.5.5.10.5. L41 L45 should not be used in the presence of electrical loads. When caissons or piers penetrate compressible material, they can generate significant downward forces, accelerating unintended settlement and loss of bearing capacity. Traffic loads should be positioned to maximize their effects.

L41 L45 cold-formed steel sheet piles should be placed on a solid L50 L60 L65 base. Ladders should not be placed in passageways or doorways unless the door is blocked, locked, or guarded to prevent the ladder from entering through the gap. The IBC exempts walls less than 4 feet (approximately 1.2 meters) in height from engineering requirements; these walls are referred to as "NED walls" (non-engineered design). S 64 and S 80 should be delineated up to L 27 to protect others working in the L 34 area. Ladders used in vehicular traffic areas should also be delineated around the base. Asphalt coatings are often used to reduce but not eliminate downward pull forces. Ladders should not be used horizontally as platforms, runways, scaffolding, or structural members. For standard wall design of permanent walls, a friction angle of 34 degrees and a unit weight of 120 pounds per cubic foot can be assumed for the retaining soil, wall fill, and foundation soil. When using a ladder to reach an upper landing, the ladder side guardrails should be at least 36 inches high (three steps). If these values are not applicable, the design should be adapted to site conditions. When using a ladder, keep both hands facing the steps.

Specifications

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